Ethiopia is one of the only countries in Africa to have remained a free nation during colonial expansion, with the exception of a short Italian occupation from 1936-1941. Ethiopia has experienced many droughts since the 1980s, and much internal political violence. After Ethiopia’s first constitution was adopted in 1995, the first multiparty elections were held in the same year.  The Government of Ethiopia has invested in strong regulation of individual property rights; however rights of pastoralists, women and others to natural resources are still to some extent unclear.

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